Mapping of Migration Motivation from Digital Nomads in Bali
Abstract
The article examines digital nomadism with a focus toward migration elements utilising data analytics, observation, and interviews. It looks at the reasons digital nomads moved to Bali, stressing important elements such as mobility, cost, lifestyle convenience, and culture. The study arranges and visualises these components to spot trends among the digital nomads. Results highlight the effects on global tourist marketing plans and migration policy, therefore providing information for academics, travel agents, and legislators. Through an analysis of digital nomads' behaviour, expectations, and goals, this study helps to grasp better migration's motivating factors and shapes informed migration policy. The findings above further help digital nomads by highlighting their specific motivation and preferences. The research additionally proposes strategies for promoting sustainability and maximising the benefits of tourism activities. This study provides a basis for understanding the impact of migration on atypical lifestyles.
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References
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Chevtaeva, E., & Denizci-Guillet, B. (2021). Digital nomads’ lifestyles and coworkation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100633
Cook, D. (2023). What is a digital nomad? Definition and taxonomy in the era of mainstream remote work. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 256–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2190608
Crossan, C., & Salmoni, A. (2021). A Simulated Walk in Nature: Testing Predictions From the Attention Restoration Theory. Environment and Behavior, 53(3), 277–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916519882775
Crul, M., Lelie, F., Keskiner, E., Michon, L., & Waldring, I. (2023). How do people without migration background experience and impact today’s superdiverse cities? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 49(8), 1937–1956. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182548
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Koprivec, L., Zbašnik-Senegačnik, M., & Kristl, Ž. (2022). A Study of Restorative Potential in Window Views Adopting Kaplan’s Attention Restoration Theory and Urban Visual Preferences Defined By Lynch. Journal Of Architecture And Urbanism, 46(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2022.16158
Lansing, J. S., Thurner, S., Chung, N. N., Coudurier-Curveur, A., Karakaş, Ç., Fesenmyer, K. A., & Chew, L. Y. (2017). Adaptive self-organization of Bali’s ancient rice terraces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605369114
Leducq, D., Demazière, C., Abdo, É. B., & Ananian, P. (2022). Digital nomads and coworking spaces: Reshaped perspectives? The Paris mega city-region after COVID-19. In The COVID-19 pandemic and the future of working spaces (pp. 109–121). Routledge.
Liestiandre, H. K., Morrison, A. M., Yasa, N. N. K., Sukawati, T. G. R., & Sukaatmadja, I. P. G. (2024). The Impact of a Local Well-Being Philosophy on Revisit Intentions to Bali Among Digital Nomads. Tourism and Hospitality, 5(4), 1099–1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040062
Liu, X., Zhang, X., Dang, Y., & Gao, W. (2023). Career Education Skills and Career Adaptability among College Students in China: The Mediating Role of Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090780
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Ogutu, H., Adol, G. F. C., Bujdosó, Z., Andrea, B., Fekete-Farkas, M., & Dávid, L. D. (2023). Theoretical Nexus of Knowledge Management and Tourism Business Enterprise Competitiveness: An Integrated Overview. Sustainability, 15(3), 1948. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031948
Oh, S., & Pyo, J. (2023). Creative Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Reappraisal, Positive Affect, and Career Satisfaction: A Serial Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(11), 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110890
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Prabawa, I., & Pertiwi, P. R. (2020). The digital nomad tourist motivation in Bali: Exploratory research based on push and pull theory. Athens Journal of Tourism, 7(3), 161–174.
https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.7-3-3
Pradana, C. S., Iban, C., & Setyastama, R. (2020). Tourism Impact on Conservation and Utilization of Borobudur Temple After Being Declared as Ten New Bali Tourist Destination in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2020.008.02.03
Prayana, I. K. R., & Darma, G. S. (2023). Dynamic Governance as an Effort to Develop Quality Tourism: Heaven for Digital Nomads. Tec Empresarial, 18(1), 312–331.
Prester, J., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Schlagwein, D. (2023). Performing Identities in Unsettled Digital Work: The Becoming of ‘Digital Nomads.’ Journal of Information Technology, 02683962231196310.
Ramalingam, V., Jain, M., Suganthirababu, P., Alagesan, J., Balakrishnan, P., Duraimurugan, P., Balarathna, Hussain, M., & Shing, W. L. (2023). Work Place Self-Management by Academic Cum Clinical Physiotherapist – A Case Study. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 11(5), 866–870. https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).866.870
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Robustin, T. P., & Hariyana, N. (2019). The effect of tourqual dimensions on behavioral intentions to revisit pandawa beach, Bali, Indonesia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure. https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_14_se_gbcss_2019.pdf
Rosalina, P. D., Wang, Y., Dupre, K., Putra, I. N. D., & Jin, X. (2023). Rural tourism in Bali: towards a conflict-based tourism resource typology and management. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2223076
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Sánchez-Vergara, J. I., Orel, M., & Capdevila, I. (2023). “Home office is the here and now.” Digital nomad visa systems and remote work-focused leisure policies. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 236–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2165142
Šímová, T. (2023). A research framework for digital nomadism: a bibliometric study. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2022.2134200
Stumpf, T. S., Califf, C., & Lancaster, J. (2022). Digital Nomad Entrepreneurship and Lifestyle Design: A Process Theory.
Subijanto, R. (2023). From London to Bali: Raymond Williams and communication as transport and social networks. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 136754942311528. https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494231152886
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Susilo, D., & Hui Chen, L. (2023). Model of Persuasive Communication for Russian Tourists on Handle of Digital Nomad. International Journal of Research and Review, 10(5), 415–424. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230549
Tagliacozzo, S., Pisacane, L., & Kilkey, M. (2023). A system-thinking approach for migration studies: an introduction. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2279708
Tajeddini, K., Ratten, V., & Denisa, M. (2017). Female tourism entrepreneurs in Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.10.004
Velu, S. R., Ravi, V., & Tabianan, K. (2022). Predictive analytics of COVID-19 cases and tourist arrivals in ASEAN based on covid-19 cases. Health and Technology, 12(6), 1237–1258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-022-00701-7
Wang, M.-Y., Li, Y.-Q., Ruan, W.-Q., Zhang, S.-N., & Li, R. (2023). Cultural inheritance-based innovation at heritage tourism destinations: Conceptualization, structural dimensions and scale development. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.009
Wright, T. (2015). Water, Tourism, and Social Change: A Discussion of Environmental Perceptions in Bali. Jurnal Kajian Bali, 5 (1), 1-22.
Ye, D., Xie, W., & Zheng, L. (2023). Unleashing Intrapreneurial Behavior: Exploring Configurations of Influencing Factors among Grassroots Employees. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090724
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Arsenault, A., & Castells, M. (2008). The structure and dynamics of global multi-media business networks. International Journal of Communication, 2, 43.
Bell, D. (2006). Cyberculture Theorists: Manuel Castells and Donna Haraway. Routledge.
Budiyanti, S., Siahaan, H. M., & Nugroho, K. (2020). Social communication relation of Madurese people in Max Weber rationality perspective. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 4(2), 389. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i2.2447
Castells, M. (2014). The impact of the internet on society: a global perspective. F. González, Ed, 132–133.
Chevtaeva, E., & Denizci-Guillet, B. (2021). Digital nomads’ lifestyles and coworkation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100633
Cook, D. (2023). What is a digital nomad? Definition and taxonomy in the era of mainstream remote work. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 256–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2190608
Crossan, C., & Salmoni, A. (2021). A Simulated Walk in Nature: Testing Predictions From the Attention Restoration Theory. Environment and Behavior, 53(3), 277–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916519882775
Crul, M., Lelie, F., Keskiner, E., Michon, L., & Waldring, I. (2023). How do people without migration background experience and impact today’s superdiverse cities? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 49(8), 1937–1956. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182548
Darmastuti, R., Purnomo, J. T., Utami, B. S., & Yulia, H. (2019). Literasi Media Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Bali. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 3(3), 402. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v3i3.1538
Day, S., Laver, K., Jeon, Y.-H., Radford, K., & Low, L.-F. (2023). Frameworks for cultural adaptation of psychosocial interventions: A systematic review with narrative synthesis. Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1177/14713012231192360
de Loryn, B. (2022). Finding a Balance Between Quiet Work and Being Social: Exploring Coworking Space Needs of Digital Nomads in Terms of Amenities and Community. In Community Empowerment, Sustainable Cities, and Transformative Economies (pp. 151–166). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5260-8_10
Dinansyah, F., Susilo, D., & Berto, A. R. (2024). Live streaming commerce as communication media at Social Bread. Bricolage: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, 10(1), 093. https://doi.org/10.30813/bricolage.v10i1.4999
Grzybowski, J., & Brinthaupt, T. M. (2022). Trait Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Self-Talk: A Correlational Analysis of Young Adults. Behavioral Sciences, 12(9), 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090300
Hannonen, O. (2020). In search of a digital nomad: defining the phenomenon. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00177-z
Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42–63.
Holleran, M., & Notting, M. (2023). Mobility guilt: digital nomads and COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 25(5), 1341–1358. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2023.2217538
Jiwasiddi, A., Schlagwein, D., & Leong, C. (2022). Assessing the impacts of digital nomadism on local communities: the case of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, 1–9.
Khamdevi, M., & Bott, H. (2018). Rethinking tourism: Bali’s failure. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012171
Kim, J. (2009). “I want to be different from others in cyberspace” The role of visual similarity in virtual group identity. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.06.008
Koprivec, L., Zbašnik-Senegačnik, M., & Kristl, Ž. (2022). A Study of Restorative Potential in Window Views Adopting Kaplan’s Attention Restoration Theory and Urban Visual Preferences Defined By Lynch. Journal Of Architecture And Urbanism, 46(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2022.16158
Lansing, J. S., Thurner, S., Chung, N. N., Coudurier-Curveur, A., Karakaş, Ç., Fesenmyer, K. A., & Chew, L. Y. (2017). Adaptive self-organization of Bali’s ancient rice terraces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605369114
Leducq, D., Demazière, C., Abdo, É. B., & Ananian, P. (2022). Digital nomads and coworking spaces: Reshaped perspectives? The Paris mega city-region after COVID-19. In The COVID-19 pandemic and the future of working spaces (pp. 109–121). Routledge.
Liestiandre, H. K., Morrison, A. M., Yasa, N. N. K., Sukawati, T. G. R., & Sukaatmadja, I. P. G. (2024). The Impact of a Local Well-Being Philosophy on Revisit Intentions to Bali Among Digital Nomads. Tourism and Hospitality, 5(4), 1099–1124. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5040062
Liu, X., Zhang, X., Dang, Y., & Gao, W. (2023). Career Education Skills and Career Adaptability among College Students in China: The Mediating Role of Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090780
Marikyan, D., Papagiannidis, S., F. Rana, O., & Ranjan, R. (2024). Working in a smart home environment: examining the impact on productivity, well-being and future use intention. Internet Research, 34(2), 447–473. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-12-2021-0931
McPhail, R., Chan, X. W. (Carys), May, R., & Wilkinson, A. (2024). Post-COVID remote working and its impact on people, productivity, and the planet: an exploratory scoping review. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(1), 154–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2221385
Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Pearson Education.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). The Meanings of Methodology. In Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.
Ogutu, H., Adol, G. F. C., Bujdosó, Z., Andrea, B., Fekete-Farkas, M., & Dávid, L. D. (2023). Theoretical Nexus of Knowledge Management and Tourism Business Enterprise Competitiveness: An Integrated Overview. Sustainability, 15(3), 1948. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031948
Oh, S., & Pyo, J. (2023). Creative Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Reappraisal, Positive Affect, and Career Satisfaction: A Serial Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(11), 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110890
Pickel-Chevalier, S., & Yanthy, P. S. (2023). Gender, work, tourism and higher education in Bali. Annals of Tourism Research, 100, 103574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103574
Prabawa, I., & Pertiwi, P. R. (2020). The digital nomad tourist motivation in Bali: Exploratory research based on push and pull theory. Athens Journal of Tourism, 7(3), 161–174.
https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.7-3-3
Pradana, C. S., Iban, C., & Setyastama, R. (2020). Tourism Impact on Conservation and Utilization of Borobudur Temple After Being Declared as Ten New Bali Tourist Destination in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2020.008.02.03
Prayana, I. K. R., & Darma, G. S. (2023). Dynamic Governance as an Effort to Develop Quality Tourism: Heaven for Digital Nomads. Tec Empresarial, 18(1), 312–331.
Prester, J., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Schlagwein, D. (2023). Performing Identities in Unsettled Digital Work: The Becoming of ‘Digital Nomads.’ Journal of Information Technology, 02683962231196310.
Ramalingam, V., Jain, M., Suganthirababu, P., Alagesan, J., Balakrishnan, P., Duraimurugan, P., Balarathna, Hussain, M., & Shing, W. L. (2023). Work Place Self-Management by Academic Cum Clinical Physiotherapist – A Case Study. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 11(5), 866–870. https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).866.870
Reichenberger, I. (2018). Digital nomads – a quest for holistic freedom in work and leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1358098
Robustin, T. P., & Hariyana, N. (2019). The effect of tourqual dimensions on behavioral intentions to revisit pandawa beach, Bali, Indonesia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure. https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_14_se_gbcss_2019.pdf
Rosalina, P. D., Wang, Y., Dupre, K., Putra, I. N. D., & Jin, X. (2023). Rural tourism in Bali: towards a conflict-based tourism resource typology and management. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2223076
Ruben, B. D., & Stewart, Lea. (2016). Communication & human behavior. Kendall Hunt.
Sánchez-Vergara, J. I., Orel, M., & Capdevila, I. (2023). “Home office is the here and now.” Digital nomad visa systems and remote work-focused leisure policies. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 236–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2165142
Šímová, T. (2023). A research framework for digital nomadism: a bibliometric study. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2022.2134200
Stumpf, T. S., Califf, C., & Lancaster, J. (2022). Digital Nomad Entrepreneurship and Lifestyle Design: A Process Theory.
Subijanto, R. (2023). From London to Bali: Raymond Williams and communication as transport and social networks. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 136754942311528. https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494231152886
Sugiari, L. P. (2021, June 9). 65.000 Ekspatriat Bekerja dari Bali Saat Pandemi, 80 Persen Digital Nomad . Bisnis.Com. https://bali.bisnis.com/read/20210609/538/1403089/65000-ekspatriat-bekerja-dari-bali-saat-pandemi80-persen-digital-nomad
Susi Nurdinaningsih, Susilo, D., & Murwani, E. (2024). Social Network Analysis: Political Elite Actors #DemokratLawanBegal on Twitter. Jurnal Komunikasi Profesional, 8(1), 019–037. https://doi.org/10.25139/jkp.v8i1.7063
Susilo, D., Hidayat, E., & Dalangin, J. J. (2023). The Declining Trend of Religious Films in Indonesia: Can They Win Again? ETTISAL: Journal of Communication, 8(2), 39–54.
Susilo, D., & Hui Chen, L. (2023). Model of Persuasive Communication for Russian Tourists on Handle of Digital Nomad. International Journal of Research and Review, 10(5), 415–424. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230549
Tagliacozzo, S., Pisacane, L., & Kilkey, M. (2023). A system-thinking approach for migration studies: an introduction. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2279708
Tajeddini, K., Ratten, V., & Denisa, M. (2017). Female tourism entrepreneurs in Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.10.004
Velu, S. R., Ravi, V., & Tabianan, K. (2022). Predictive analytics of COVID-19 cases and tourist arrivals in ASEAN based on covid-19 cases. Health and Technology, 12(6), 1237–1258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-022-00701-7
Wang, M.-Y., Li, Y.-Q., Ruan, W.-Q., Zhang, S.-N., & Li, R. (2023). Cultural inheritance-based innovation at heritage tourism destinations: Conceptualization, structural dimensions and scale development. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.009
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Published
2025-04-07
How to Cite
SUSILO, Daniel et al.
Mapping of Migration Motivation from Digital Nomads in Bali.
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), [S.l.], v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-36, apr. 2025.
ISSN 2580-0698.
Available at: <https://ojs.unud.ac.id./index.php/kajianbali/article/view/116269>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2025.v15.i01.p01.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
