TERAPI ANTIOKSIDAN SEBAGAI NEFROPROTEKTOR

Abstrak

Introduction: Kidneys are very important as an excretory organ resulting from metabolism and are very susceptible to various disturbances due to oxidative stress.

Discussion: This imbalance condition can trigger glomerular or tubular epithelial damage that is related with changes in cellular proliferation and repair in inflammatory processes, fibroblasts, and fibrosis, causing loss of nephron and kidney function. This condition will lead to chronic diseases, such as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), so interventions must be carried out to prevent oxidative stress that can damage the kidneys, especially nephrons. Therefore, antioxidant is important compounds that can suppress the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), especially in the renal cortex and medulla which can affect renal blood flow, sodium/fluid retention against inflammation, and fibrosis, and proteinuria. In general, antioxidants in the body can be divided into two, namely endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. Endogenous antioxidants consist of enzymatic and non- enzymatic. Based on several studies, phytochemical compounds as antioxidants have many types of compounds that can prevent oxidative stress with certain working mechanisms.

Conclusion: Some of these compounds are carotenoids (?-carotene and lycopene), flavonoids (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds), and other antioxidant compounds (alkaloids and allicin).

Keywords: Antioxidants, Phytochemical, Nephroprotective, and Oxidative Stress